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Data Tables
These tables provide text-only equivalents of all the data presented in the figures throughout this Chartbook.
Figure 1: Americans with and without disability, by gender
Source: McNeil, 1997
Survey: SIPP, 1994-95
| Females | Males | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | No Disability |
With Disability |
No Disability |
With Disability |
|
| # (in millions) | 261.7 | 105.3 | 28.6 | 102.6 | 25.3 |
| % of total population | 100% | 40.2% | 10.9% | 39.2% | 9.7% |
| % of gender group | - | 78.7% | 21.3% | 80.2% | 19.8% |
Figure 2: Percentage with activity limitation, by age group and gender
Source: LaPlante & Carlson, 1996
Survey: NHIS, 1992
| Age group | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| Under 18 | 5.0% | 7.1% |
| 18 - 64 | 14.4% | 13.8% |
| 65 - 84 | 36.7% | 37.6% |
| 85 and over | 59.3% | 50.2% |
| Total | 15.4% | 14.6% |
Figure 3: Injury rate per 100 population, by gender
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995
Survey: NHIS, 1983-1993
| Year | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1983 | 23.7 | 29.8 |
| 1984 | 22.9 | 30.1 |
| 1985 | 23.1 | 30.6 |
| 1986 | 23.3 | 29.8 |
| 1987 | 23.1 | 29.1 |
| 1988 | 21.6 | 27.7 |
| 1989 | 20.9 | 26.9 |
| 1990 | 21.0 | 28.1 |
| 1991 | 21.5 | 26.7 |
| 1992 | 20.7 | 26.8 |
| 1993 | 22.0 | 27.0 |
Figure 4: Number of disability days lost annually, per person, by gender
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1997
Survey: NHIS, 1994
| Females | Males | |
|---|---|---|
| Bed-disability days | 7.4 | 4.9 |
| Work-loss days | 5.9 | 4.6 |
| School-loss days | 5.0 | 4.1 |
| Total restricted activity days | 18.2 | 13.6 |
Figure 5: Percentage with disability, by ethnicity and gender
Sources: Bradsher, 1995; McNeil, 1993
Survey: SIPP, 1991-92
| Ethnicity | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| White | 20.3% | 19.1% |
| Black | 21.7% | 18.0% |
| Native American | 21.8% | 21.9% |
| Asian | 10.7% | 9.1% |
| Hispanic | 16.2% | 14.3% |
Figure 6: Disability rates for children and youth (0 to 21 years old) by age group and gender
Source: McNeil, 1997
Survey: SIPP, 1994-95
| Age Group | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| Less than 3 years | 1.9% | 3.3% |
| 3 to 5 years | 3.5% | 6.9% |
| 6 to 14 years | 9.6% | 15.8% |
| 15 to 21 years | 10.8% | 13.4% |
| Total: 0 to 21 years | 8.0% | 12.0% |
Figure 7: Activity-limiting main conditions with highest prevalence for children under 18, by gender
Source: LaPlante & Carlson, 1996
Survey: NHIS, 1992
| Condition | Girls | Boys |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory diseases (mainly asthma) | 24.8% | 26.3% |
| Mental retardation | 16.9% | 17.9% |
| Mental disorders | 6.1% | 11.7% |
| Speech impairments | 4.7% | 7.5% |
| Nervous system diseases | 4.9% | 2.8% |
| Hearing impairments | 4.0% | 2.5% |
| Orthopedic impairments | 4.5% | 1.7% |
Figure 8: Children and youth (0 to 21 years old) in special education, as percentage of total public school enrollment, by disability type
Sources: U.S. Department of Education, OSERS, 1996 and National Center for Education Statistics, 1997
Survey: Office of Special Education data, 1977-1995
| Year | 1977 | 1979 | 1981 | 1983 | 1985 | 1987 | 1989 | 1991 | 1993 | 1995 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All disabilities | 8.3% | 9.1% | 10.1% | 10.8% | 11.0% | 11.0% | 11.3% | 11.6% | 12.0% | 12.2% |
| Specific learning disabilities | 1.8% | 2.7% | 3.6% | 4.4% | 4.7% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 5.6% |
| Speech/language impairments | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.3% |
| Mental retardation | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.2% |
| Serious emotional disturbance | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% |
Figure 9: Percentage enrolled in special education, by gender and disability type
Sources: U.S. Dept of Education, OSERS, 1998; Valdes et al., 1990
Survey: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Data Analysis System
| Disability | Girls | Boys |
|---|---|---|
| Learning disability | 26.6% | 73.4% |
| Emotional disturbance | 23.6% | 76.4% |
| Speech impairment | 40.5% | 59.5% |
| Mental retardation | 42.0% | 58.0% |
| Visual impairment | 44.4% | 55.6% |
| Hearing impairment | 48.0% | 52.0% |
| Deafness | 45.5% | 54.5% |
| Orthopedic impairment | 45.8% | 54.2% |
| Multiple disabilities | 34.6% | 65.4% |
| Deaf-blindness | 50.5% | 49.5% |
Figure 10: Number (in thousands) of blind and disabled children (0 to 17 years old) receiving SSI, by gender
Source: Social Security Administration, 1988-1997
Survey: Social Security Administration Program Data, 1987-1996
| Year | Girls | Boys |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 124.0 | 168.5 |
| 1989 | 122.4 | 172.6 |
| 1990 | 136.7 | 197.9 |
| 1991 | 164.3 | 249.9 |
| 1992 | 226.7 | 361.7 |
| 1993 | 288.7 | 477.5 |
| 1994 | 325.9 | 559.0 |
| 1995 | 329.2 | 583.7 |
| 1996 | 339.6 | 602.6 |
| 1997 | 326.3 | 553.5 |
| 1998 | 323.4 | 561.8 |
Figure 11: Percentage with job or business, by disability status and gender, 21 to 64 years old
Source: McNeil, 1997
Survey: SIPP, 1994-95
| Disability status | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| No disability | 74.5% | 89.8% |
| Non-severe disability | 68.4% | 85.1% |
| Severe disability | 24.7% | 27.8% |
Figure 12: Number and percentage of people with and without disabilities in computer-related job categories, by gender, 16 to 64 years old
Source: J. McNeil, personal communication, January, 1999
Survey: SIPP, 1994-95, unpublished data
(Percentage in gender group is shown in parentheses)
| Women | Men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No disability | With disability | No disability | With disability | |
| Mathematical and computer scientists |
255,000 (83.2%) |
51,400 (16.8%) |
713,700 (92.5%) |
58,000 (7.5%) |
| Computer programmers |
156,800 (94.4%) |
9,300 (5.6%) |
394,500 (89.7%) |
45,400 (10.3%) |
| Computer equipment operators |
316,100 (91.7%) |
28,700 (8.3%) |
241,800 (85.8%) |
40,000 (14.2%) |
Figure 13: Percentage participating in labor force, by work disability status and gender, 16 to 64 years old
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census Website
Survey: CPS, 1998
| Disability status | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| No work disability | 75.8% | 89.1% |
| Work disability | 28.5% | 32.3% |
Figure 14: Median monthly earnings, by disability status and gender, 21 to 64 years old
Source: McNeil, 1997
Survey: SIPP, 1994-95
| Disability status | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| No disability | $1,470 | $2,190 |
| Non-severe disability | $1,200 | $1,857 |
| Severe disability | $1,000 | $1,262 |
Figure 15: Percentage of people living below poverty level, by work disability status and gender, 16 to 64 years old
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1993
Survey: CPS, 1992
| Disability status | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| No work disability | 12.1% | 8.1% |
| Work disability | 33.8% | 24.2% |
| Severe work disability | 40.5% | 31.2% |
Figure 16: Percentage of people with work disability participating in assistance programs, by gender
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1997
Survey: CPS, 1995
| Assistance program | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Social Security | 25.6% | 30.6% |
| Food stamps | 29.1% | 19.8% |
| Medicaid | 36.2% | 27.2% |
| Public housing | 6.8% | 4.4% |
| Subsidized housing | 4.6% | 2.7% |
Figure 17: Average monthly Social Security benefit for disabled workers, by gender, in five-year increments
Source: Social Security Administration, 1997
Survey: Social Security Administration Program Data, 1960-1995
| Year | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | $77 | $93 |
| 1965 | $85 | $102 |
| 1970 | $113 | $139 |
| 1975 | $185 | $244 |
| 1980 | $296 | $407 |
| 1985 | $381 | $534 |
| 1990 | $464 | $652 |
| 1995 | $555 | $762 |
Figure 18: Number of Vocational Rehabilitation cases closed, by type of closure and gender
Source: Rehabilitation Services Administration Program Data, FY1996
| Type of closure | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| With employment outcome | 96,319 | 117,471 |
| Not eligible | 57,866 | 73,309 |
| No employment outcome | 101,828 | 135,776 |
Figure 19: Marital status, by activity limitation status and gender, 18 years and older
Source: LaPlante & Carlson, 1996
Survey: NHIS, 1992
(Numbers in 1000's)
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status | No activity limitation |
With activity limitation |
No activity limitation |
With activity limitation |
| Never married | 16,344 | 2,383 | 13,681 | 1,990 |
| Divorced or separated | 4,996 | 1,608 | 8,214 | 2,634 |
| Widowed | 1,237 | 872 | 6,461 | 4,553 |
| Married | 49,758 | 10,428 | 49,584 | 9,067 |
Figure 20: Percentage of adults with children under 18 years old in home, by disability status and gender
Source: Toms-Barker & Maralani, 1997
Survey: SIPP, 1993
| Disability status | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| No disability | 45% | 35% |
| With disability | 33% | 26% |
| With severe disability | 31% | 18% |
Figure 21: Per capita medical expenditures, by age group, activity limitation status, and gender
Source: Trupin, Rice, & Max, 1995
Survey: National Medical Expenditures Survey, 1987, with data updated to 1993
| No activity limitation | With activity limitation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | Females | Males | Females | Males |
| 1 to 17 | $734 | $620 | $1,670 | $1,650 |
| 18 to 44 | $1,217 | $734 | $2,938 | $3,425 |
| 45 to 64 | $1,324 | $1,371 | $4,365 | $6,100 |
| 65+ | $2,066 | $2,640 | $6,226 | $6,525 |
Figure 22: Lifetime prevalence of certain types of psychiatric disorders, by gender
Sources: National Center for Health Statistics, 1996; Kessler, McGonagle, Zhao, et al., 1994
Survey: National Comorbidity Survey, 1990-92
| Type of disorder | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Any | 47.3% | 48.7% |
| Depressive | 23.9% | 14.7% |
| Anxiety | 30.5% | 19.2% |
| Substance use | 17.9% | 35.4% |
Figure 23: Percentage of people with mental disorders who sought treatment, by gender and type of mental health provider
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1996
Survey: National Comorbidity Survey, 1990-92
| Type of mental health provider | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Any service | 55.1% | 42.3% |
| Health services | 46.6% | 31.5% |
| Human services | 24.2% | 16.6% |
| Self-help | 13.7% | 16.4% |
Figure 24: Percentage of people with severe mental illness reporting limitations in aspects of daily functioning, by gender
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1996
Survey: NHIS, Mental Health Supplement, 1989
| Type of limitation | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Any non-work limitation | 71.3% | 87.0% |
| Coping with day-to-day stress | 65.9% | 79.1% |
| Social functioning | 41.9% | 60.0% |
| Concentrating to complete tasks | 41.4% | 59.2% |
| IADLs | 16.9% | 34.7% |
Figure 25: Percentage of women and men who were 50 years old in 1990, 1950, and 1990, who can expect to live to the age of 90
Source: Guralnik, et al., 1997
Survey: Census and Census projections, multiple years
| Year | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 3.4% | 2.4% |
| 1950 | 10.0% | 5.2% |
| 1990 | 22.3% | 10.4% |
Figure 26: Percentage of people needing personal assistance with ADLs or IADLs, by age group and gender
Source: LaPlante & Carlson, 1996
Survey: NHIS, 1992
| Age group | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| 18 to 44 | 1.7% | 1.6% |
| 45 to 64 | 5.5% | 3.8% |
| 65 to 74 | 10.4% | 8.2% |
| 75 & older | 30.5% | 20.3% |
Figure 27: Percentage of those with chronic conditions who have more than one condition, by age group
Source: Hoffman & Rice, 1996
Survey: National Medical Expenditures Survey, 1987
| Age group | Percentage with more than one condition |
|---|---|
| 0-17 years | 17% |
| 18-44 years | 29% |
| 45-64 years | 51% |
| 65 years + | 69% |
Figure 28: Percentage of people with more than one chronic condition, by gender
Sources: Hoffman & Rice, 1996/Guralnik, 1989
Survey: National Medical Expenditures Survey, 1987
| Age | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| 60 to 69 | 45% | 35% |
| 70 to 79 | 61% | 47% |
| 80 and over | 70% | 53% |
Figure 29: Age-adjusted prevalence and activity limitation due to arthritis, by gender
Source: Centers for Disease Control, 1994a, 1994b
Survey: NHIS, 1989-91
| Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|
| Activity limitation | 3.4% | 2.0% |
| Prevalence | 17.1% | 12.5% |
Figure 30: Percentage of women over 50 with osteoporosis, by age group
Source: Bockman, 1997; Melton, 1997
Survey: Rochester Epidemiology Project, multiple years
| Age group | Percentage with osteoporosis of spine, hip or arm |
|---|---|
| 50's | 14.8% |
| 60's | 21.6% |
| 70's | 38.5% |
| 80+ | 70.0% |
Figure 31: Living arrangement status of women and men 65 years and older, by age group
Source: Guralnik, 1997
Surveys: National Nursing Home Survey, 1995; NHIS-D, 1994
| Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | At home, indepen- dent |
At home, needs assistance |
In nursing home |
At home, indepen- dent |
At home, needs assistance |
In nursing home |
| 65+ (total) | 81.2% | 13.5% | 5.3% | 88.1% | 9.4% | 2.5% |
| 65-74 | 91.7% | 6.9% | 1.4% | 92.8% | 6.1% | 1.1% |
| 75-84 | 77.5% | 16.0% | 6.5% | 84.4% | 12.3% | 3.3% |
| 85 + | 45.2% | 37.5% | 17.4% | 63.1% | 26.6% | 10.3% |
Figure 32: Gender of people who provide care to older people with chronic health conditions
Source: National Alliance for Caregiving, 1997
Survey: National Alliance for Caregiving Survey, 1996
| Gender of caregiver | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Women | 72.5% |
| Men | 27.5% |